Tests are easy and fast.
The Air Permeability Tester is easy to use. You can select the air permeability test standards and units from the operation screen. The Air Permeability Tester can recognize the test fixture head’s different ranges. You can start the air permeability testing and get the air permeability test result quickly.
The air passes up through the fabric. This forms a pressure difference between the front and back of the fabric. We measure the amount of air that goes through the fabric under a certain pressure. This gives us the fabric’s air permeability value.
More reliable air permeability test results
The range conversion components of this Permeability Tester for fabric are innovative. They are maintenance-free and have no loss. They bring high repeatability and reliability to air permeability testing results.
The core components are high-quality. They include pressure sensors from famous brands. These parts further ensure the accuracy of the airflow resistance test results.
Self-designed calibration system ensures accurate testing at all times
The calibration system of the air permeability test apparatus has been tested by a third party and is authoritative and reliable, making it convenient for users to calibrate it at any time.
Smart Air Permeability Testing
The air permeability testing machine is connected via IoT to the SmarTexLab APP in the phone/PC.
And The app can connect to ERP/LIMS via an API. Or, the air permeability test apparatus can connect directly to ERP/LIMS. There are test orders and sample information in the system, and the instrument can record all related information including test results.
The system will then summarize these into an air permeability test report. The relevant parties can view the report in real time. You can monitor tests for many air permeability test equipment at once. And change test requirements, get alerts before tests end, and stop or repeat tests remotely.
In the SmarTexLab App, you can chat with ChiuVention staff for quick support. You’ll get reminders that the air permeability tester needs calibration, maintenance, and new consumables. Regular OTA remote upgrades are available.
Designed in Germany, quality is our life.
All our textile testing equipment is developed in-house and in cooperation with a team of renowned German industrial designers, which makes our textile testing machines of outstanding quality. 100% source factory and factory price.
Application Examples of AirFicient Air Permeability Tester
Sports Fabric
Outdoor Gear
Medical Mask
Home Textiles
Customer Feedback
“I learned about this instrument at the ITMA 2023 Exhibition in Milan and was impressed by some of the features on site. It was particularly easy to operate and the test results were quickly available. So we purchased it in 2024.”
“The air permeability test results are reliable. And the Air Permeability Test Apparatus is easy to use and not too big. We are in the down apparel business and there is a high demand for it.”
The Specification of Air Permeability Tester
Measurement units
mm/s, m/s, l/m²/s, ft³/min/ft², cfm
cm³/s/cm², l/s/cm², l/m²/min
1/dm²/min, l/min, m³/min, dm³/s
m³/s/m², m³/min/m², m³/h/m², ft³/s/ft²
Test Mode Automatic
Test head 20 cm2 (standard)
Test pressure 10 ~ 2,500 Pa
Air velocity 0.6 ~ 10,000 mm/s (20 cm2)
The sample thickness range is 0 to 10 mm. You can customize other thicknesses and fixtures.
Testing Accuracy <+/-2%
Optional test heads 5 cm2, 25 cm2, 38 cm2, 50 cm2, 100 cm2
Power 220V/110V 50/60Hz
Weight 125kg
Dimension
970*400*970 mm (L*W*H)
OUR BROCHURE
FLYER
STANDARDS
ISO 9237
ISO 9073:15
GB/T 5453
GB/T 24218.15
BS 3424-16
BS 6F 100 3.13
NWSP 070.1.RO(15)
JIS L1096 Item8.26 Method C
BS 3424-16 BS 6F 100 3.13
ASTM D737
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The Test Principle Of Air Permeability Test Apparatus
Air Permeability Test Method or Air permeability Test Procedure
Sample Preparation:
Cut a sample of the material to the needed size. The size is set by the testing standard.
Ensure the sample is clean, dry, and free from any defects affecting the test results.
Calibrate the equipment.
Calibrate the air permeability tester based on our instructions. Also, follow the relevant testing standard. Ensure that the pressure gauges and flow meters are accurate.
Mount the Sample:
Secure the sample in the test chamber of the air permeability tester. To prevent any air leakage around the edges, clamp the sample tightly.
Set the pressure differential.
Adjust the air permeability test apparatus to create a specific pressure differential across the sample. The pressure difference is usually chosen based on the material and its use. Testing standards specify common values.
Initiate Airflow:
Start the airflow through the material. The air permeability tester will draw air through the sample or blow air through it.
Measure airflow rate:
Measure the rate of air passing through the sample. The flow rate is often recorded using built-in sensors. It is then shown on the equipment’s readout panel. Ensure the measurement is taken after the airflow has stabilized.
Record Environmental Conditions (Optional):
Record the temperature and humidity if the test standard requires it. These can affect the air permeability of some materials.
Calculate Air Permeability:
The air permeability test results will be expressed in units such as cm³/s/cm² or CFM/ft ² or other types. (You can select the Air Permeability Units from the operation screen)
Repeat the test (optional):
To ensure the accuracy of air permeability testing, repeat the test on multiple samples or different areas of the same sample. Then, calculate the average air permeability.
Key Points to Consider:
Follow the guidelines for sample size and shape. The guidelines are in the air permeability testing standard (e.g., ASTM D737, ISO 9237).
Use the pressure differential from the standard or suitable for the material type.
Equipment Calibration: Calibrate the air permeability tester often. Also, maintain it to ensure accurate results.
The test standard may require you to control or record the temperature and humidity.
Common Air Permeability Test Standard:
ASTM D737: Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics.
ISO 9237: Textiles – Determination of the Permeability of Fabrics to Air.
BS 5636: Method for Determination of the Air Permeability of Fabrics.
Follow these steps and the relevant standards. Then, you can get reliable air permeability measurements for various materials. You can also reproduce them.
Calibration is performed using 20cm2 upper and lower fixtures, with units selected in mm/s. And you can enter the calibration mode on this Air Permeability Tester operation screen. You can calibrate the air flow and differential pressure.
For the detailed calibration steps please view the air permeability tester operation manual or contact us.
The instrument shell should be grounded reliably. Its grounding resistance should be ≤1Ω.
Frequently Asked Questions of Air Permeability Tester
What is an air permeability tester?An Air Permeability Tester measures the air permeability of textiles. It is also known as a Permeability Tester or Air Permeability Testing Machine. This equipment tests industrial fabrics, nonwovens, and other breathable materials. It’s also good for testing the air permeability of breathable materials. These materials include paper.
What are the unique points of this AirFicient air permeability tester?This Air Permeability Test Apparatus can be directly connected to smartphones, computers, and enterprise ERP or laboratory LIMS systems, can directly transmit air permeability test reports, and related parties can view the test situation and air permeability test results, and it is also very convenient since you can select the Air Permeability Test Standards and Air Permeability Units from the screen. If you want to know more about air permeability testing or air permeability tester prices, please contact us now.
Why is air permeability of fabrics important to test?Air permeability is another important factor affecting the comfort of fabrics. Sportswear, windproof, and coldproof clothing have higher requirements for air permeability of fabrics. Parachutes and filter cloths are types of industrial textiles.
They have special needs for air permeability. The air permeability of fabrics depends on the number and size of gaps. These gaps are between the warp and weft yarns and between the fibers. It also relates to factors like yarn density, fineness, and twist. These factors relate to fiber properties, yarn structure, fabric thickness, and density. The “air permeability” refers to a fabric’s performance.
It lets air pass through when there is a pressure difference on both sides. Under the specified pressure difference, air passes through the fabric. This happens on both sides of the fabric. Air flows only when a pressure difference is on both sides of the fabric.
What is a good score on the air permeability test?A “good” air permeability score depends on the application and material. Different applications and industries have varying requirements for air permeability. Here are some general guidelines. They show what might be good air permeability in various contexts.
Textiles (Apparel and Technical Fabrics):
Breathable Fabrics (e.g., sportswear, outdoor clothing): 10-50 cm³/s/cm². Higher values may be desirable for increased breathability.
Windproof Fabrics: 0-10 cm³/s/cm². Lower values say better wind resistance.
Geotextiles:
General Purpose Geotextiles: 100-300 cm³/s/cm². Values within this range usually or show good drainage properties.
Filter Fabrics: 50-200 cm³/s/cm². The exact need depends on the specific filtration application.
Nonwoven Fabrics (e.g., medical textiles, hygiene products):
Medical Textiles: 10-100 cm³/s/cm². Lower values are often better for barriers. Higher values may be preferred for breathability.
Hygiene Products (e.g., diapers): 100-300 cm³/s/cm². This range generally indicates a good balance between absorbency and breathability.
Building Materials (e.g., house wraps, insulation):
House Wraps: 5-60 cm³/s/cm². Lower values are better for water and air barriers. Higher values improve vapor permeability.
Insulation Materials: Variable. Specific requirements depend on the insulation type and intended use.
Filters (e.g., HVAC filters, industrial filters):
High-Efficiency Filters: 10-100 cm³/s/cm². Lower values typically indicate higher filtration efficiency.
General Purpose Filters: 100-500 cm³/s/cm². Higher values may be acceptable where less stringent filtration is needed.
The ranges are approximate. The standards vary. They depend on the needs of different groups and industries. The best air permeability for an application depends on breathability, barriers, and strength. It’s based on the material’s intended use.
What parameters does an air permeability tester measure?An air permeability tester typically measures the following parameters:
Air Permeability is the primary measurement. It shows the amount of air that passes through a material over time. People often express it in units such as cubic centimeters per second per square centimeter (cm³/s/cm²). Or, they use cubic feet per minute per square foot (CFM/ft²).
The pressure differential (ΔP) is the difference in air pressure. It’s between the two sides of the material being tested. The differential is usually kept constant during the test. This standardizes the measurement of air permeability. Common units are pascals (Pa) or inches of water column (inH2O).
Sample Area: The area of the material sample through which the air is passing. This ensures that the air permeability is calculated per unit area. It is generally measured in square centimeters (cm²) or square inches (in²).
What is the Air Permeability Method and how is it used to evaluate the porosity of materials?The Air Permeability Tester for fabric utilizes the following air permeability test methods:
ISO 9237 is the international standard for finding the air permeability of fabrics. It uses a constant airflow. It measures air permeability as the volume of air passing through a known area of fabric per unit of time.
ASTM D737 is the American Society for Testing and Materials standard. It tests the air permeability of textile fabrics. It measures the rate of airflow passing through the fabric. The airflow is passing through a known area.
DIN 53887 is a German standard. It determines the air permeability of textile fabrics using constant airflow. It’s like ISO 9237 and provides a measure of the air permeability in liters per square meter per second.
JIS L 1096 is a Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS). It measures the air permeability of woven and knitted fabrics. It measures the volume of air passing through a set area of the fabric. The test has specific conditions.
What are typical applications for air permeability testers?Air permeability testing is important for textile manufacturers. It’s a key part of quality control. It ensures that fabrics meet standards and performance requirements. These include breathability, comfort, and function.
The permeability meter is used in fabric development and research. It evaluates how different fabric structures, compositions, and finishes impact air permeability. This helps in the development of new fabrics with desired properties
Performance Evaluation
The air test assesses fabric performance in many uses. For example, in sportswear or activewear, high breathability and moisture management are important. They affect comfort and performance. The Shirley air permeability tester can measure the air permeability. It does this to find out if the fabric is suitable for such uses.
Air permeability testing is crucial in the filtration industry. Fabrics are used as filter media there. It helps determine the filtration efficiency and airflow of filter fabrics. These fabrics are for air filters, liquid filters, and dust collections.
Medical Textiles
Air permeability testing is used in medical textiles. It tests how breathable the fabrics are. They are used in surgical gowns, masks, and other healthcare products. It ensures that the fabrics allow proper airflow and reduce the risk of moisture buildup.
Comfort Evaluation
Air permeability is closely related to the comfort of textiles. The machine measures air permeability. It helps assess the breathability of fabrics. This includes their ventilation and thermal comfort. They are used in clothing, bedding, and upholstery.
Many industries have specific regulations and standards related to air permeability. These industries include automotive, aerospace, and personal protective equipment. The permeability tester enables manufacturers to ensure compliance with these standards.
Why the air permeability testing for textiles and fabrics important ?For textiles, air permeability testing determines breathability, which is critical for comfort in clothing, particularly in sportswear, protective gear, and outdoor apparel. It also impacts performance in filtration systems and insulation materials.
What standards are used for air permeability testing?Common standards include:
- ASTM D737 for textiles
- ISO 9237 for textiles and fabrics
- DIN 53887 for nonwoven fabrics
- BS EN 12114 for building materials
- ISO 5636 for paper and packaging materials Different industries follow specific standards based on their requirements.
What is the difference between air permeability and breathability?While often used interchangeably, air permeability specifically refers to the rate of airflow through a material under a defined pressure difference. Breathability generally refers to the overall comfort of material in allowing air and moisture vapor to escape, which is a broader concept that may include other factors like moisture-wicking properties and heat dissipation.
Can air permeability be controlled or adjusted in materials?Yes, textile manufacturers can control air permeability through material design choices, such as adjusting fiber density, weave patterns, material thickness, and surface treatments. Coatings or membranes may also be applied to reduce air permeability.
How do I choose the right level of air permeability for my product?The ideal level of air permeability depends on the application. For example, high air permeability is preferred in sportswear for breathability, while lower permeability is desirable in windproof jackets, insulation materials, and some filtration applications. Consulting industry standards and understanding the product’s end use will guide the selection.
Can air permeability testing be conducted in different environmental conditions?Yes, air permeability testing can account for different environmental conditions like temperature and humidity. These factors can influence the material’s performance, so testing under real-world conditions may be necessary to ensure accuracy for specific applications.
Why paper air permeability is important?The purpose of paper permeability testing is to evaluate the resistance of paper to airflow through its pores, or the ability of paper to allow air to pass through. This test is important in paper production, quality control, and applications, and its main objectives include the following:
Assessing the pore structure and density of paper
Purpose: Air permeability testing can help determine the size and number of pores in a paper and their distribution. The pore structure has a significant impact on the performance of paper, with denser paper having lower air permeability and vice versa. Different paper types require different air permeability depending on the application, and the test can help determine the scenario in which the paper is suitable.
Applications: This test is particularly useful in the production of writing paper, printing paper, tissue paper, filter paper, etc
Printability Evaluation
Purpose: Air permeability directly affects the ink absorption of paper. In the printing process, the paper permeability is appropriate in order to make the ink uniform penetration and drying, to ensure the quality of printing. If the air permeability of the paper is too strong or too weak, it may lead to poor printing results.
Application: Printing materials such as newspapers, magazines, books, and wrapping paper need to be tested for air permeability to ensure that the paper has good printing performance.
Evaluation of Filtration Performance
Purpose: For certain special-purpose papers, such as filter papers, tea bag papers, cigarette papers, etc., air permeability directly affects their filtration performance. These papers need to be able to allow a moderate amount of air and liquid to pass through without compromising their primary filtration function.
Application: Air permeability testing of filter paper can help optimize its filtration performance so that it can effectively filter gas or liquid in actual use.
Paper Quality Control
Purpose: Air permeability is one of the important indexes of paper’s physical properties. Through air permeability testing, we can monitor whether the production process of paper is stable and ensure that the product meets the quality standards. If the air permeability of the paper deviates greatly, it may indicate a problem with the production process and require adjustment.
Application: Paper manufacturers usually conduct air permeability tests on a regular basis as part of product quality control.
Adapting to different applications
Packaging applications: Some packaging papers require low air permeability to ensure that the contents of the package are protected from outside air (e.g. food wrappers). Some packaging materials that require air permeability (e.g. fruit wrappers) require moderate permeability.
Tissue paper and paper towels: These products require high air permeability value for comfort and absorbency.
Environmental friendliness and sustainability
Purpose: Air permeability is related to the arrangement of paper fibers, coatings and production processes. Air permeability testing can also be used to study the environmental performance of paper, such as evaluating the breathability of biodegradable materials to meet the requirements for sustainable development.
An Air Permeability Tester measures the air permeability of textiles. It is also known as a Permeability Tester or Air Permeability Testing Machine. This equipment tests industrial fabrics, nonwovens, and other breathable materials. It’s also good for testing the air permeability of breathable materials. These materials include paper.
This Air Permeability Test Apparatus can be directly connected to smartphones, computers, and enterprise ERP or laboratory LIMS systems, can directly transmit air permeability test reports, and related parties can view the test situation and air permeability test results, and it is also very convenient since you can select the Air Permeability Test Standards and Air Permeability Units from the screen. If you want to know more about air permeability testing or air permeability tester prices, please contact us now.
Air permeability is another important factor affecting the comfort of fabrics. Sportswear, windproof, and coldproof clothing have higher requirements for air permeability of fabrics. Parachutes and filter cloths are types of industrial textiles.
They have special needs for air permeability. The air permeability of fabrics depends on the number and size of gaps. These gaps are between the warp and weft yarns and between the fibers. It also relates to factors like yarn density, fineness, and twist. These factors relate to fiber properties, yarn structure, fabric thickness, and density. The “air permeability” refers to a fabric’s performance.
It lets air pass through when there is a pressure difference on both sides. Under the specified pressure difference, air passes through the fabric. This happens on both sides of the fabric. Air flows only when a pressure difference is on both sides of the fabric.
A “good” air permeability score depends on the application and material. Different applications and industries have varying requirements for air permeability. Here are some general guidelines. They show what might be good air permeability in various contexts.
Textiles (Apparel and Technical Fabrics):
Breathable Fabrics (e.g., sportswear, outdoor clothing): 10-50 cm³/s/cm². Higher values may be desirable for increased breathability.
Windproof Fabrics: 0-10 cm³/s/cm². Lower values say better wind resistance.
Geotextiles:
General Purpose Geotextiles: 100-300 cm³/s/cm². Values within this range usually or show good drainage properties.
Filter Fabrics: 50-200 cm³/s/cm². The exact need depends on the specific filtration application.
Nonwoven Fabrics (e.g., medical textiles, hygiene products):
Medical Textiles: 10-100 cm³/s/cm². Lower values are often better for barriers. Higher values may be preferred for breathability.
Hygiene Products (e.g., diapers): 100-300 cm³/s/cm². This range generally indicates a good balance between absorbency and breathability.
Building Materials (e.g., house wraps, insulation):
House Wraps: 5-60 cm³/s/cm². Lower values are better for water and air barriers. Higher values improve vapor permeability.
Insulation Materials: Variable. Specific requirements depend on the insulation type and intended use.
Filters (e.g., HVAC filters, industrial filters):
High-Efficiency Filters: 10-100 cm³/s/cm². Lower values typically indicate higher filtration efficiency.
General Purpose Filters: 100-500 cm³/s/cm². Higher values may be acceptable where less stringent filtration is needed.
The ranges are approximate. The standards vary. They depend on the needs of different groups and industries. The best air permeability for an application depends on breathability, barriers, and strength. It’s based on the material’s intended use.
An air permeability tester typically measures the following parameters:
Air Permeability is the primary measurement. It shows the amount of air that passes through a material over time. People often express it in units such as cubic centimeters per second per square centimeter (cm³/s/cm²). Or, they use cubic feet per minute per square foot (CFM/ft²).
The pressure differential (ΔP) is the difference in air pressure. It’s between the two sides of the material being tested. The differential is usually kept constant during the test. This standardizes the measurement of air permeability. Common units are pascals (Pa) or inches of water column (inH2O).
Sample Area: The area of the material sample through which the air is passing. This ensures that the air permeability is calculated per unit area. It is generally measured in square centimeters (cm²) or square inches (in²).
The Air Permeability Tester for fabric utilizes the following air permeability test methods:
ISO 9237 is the international standard for finding the air permeability of fabrics. It uses a constant airflow. It measures air permeability as the volume of air passing through a known area of fabric per unit of time.
ASTM D737 is the American Society for Testing and Materials standard. It tests the air permeability of textile fabrics. It measures the rate of airflow passing through the fabric. The airflow is passing through a known area.
DIN 53887 is a German standard. It determines the air permeability of textile fabrics using constant airflow. It’s like ISO 9237 and provides a measure of the air permeability in liters per square meter per second.
JIS L 1096 is a Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS). It measures the air permeability of woven and knitted fabrics. It measures the volume of air passing through a set area of the fabric. The test has specific conditions.
Air permeability testing is important for textile manufacturers. It’s a key part of quality control. It ensures that fabrics meet standards and performance requirements. These include breathability, comfort, and function.
The permeability meter is used in fabric development and research. It evaluates how different fabric structures, compositions, and finishes impact air permeability. This helps in the development of new fabrics with desired properties
Performance Evaluation
The air test assesses fabric performance in many uses. For example, in sportswear or activewear, high breathability and moisture management are important. They affect comfort and performance. The Shirley air permeability tester can measure the air permeability. It does this to find out if the fabric is suitable for such uses.
Air permeability testing is crucial in the filtration industry. Fabrics are used as filter media there. It helps determine the filtration efficiency and airflow of filter fabrics. These fabrics are for air filters, liquid filters, and dust collections.
Medical Textiles
Air permeability testing is used in medical textiles. It tests how breathable the fabrics are. They are used in surgical gowns, masks, and other healthcare products. It ensures that the fabrics allow proper airflow and reduce the risk of moisture buildup.
Comfort Evaluation
Air permeability is closely related to the comfort of textiles. The machine measures air permeability. It helps assess the breathability of fabrics. This includes their ventilation and thermal comfort. They are used in clothing, bedding, and upholstery.
Many industries have specific regulations and standards related to air permeability. These industries include automotive, aerospace, and personal protective equipment. The permeability tester enables manufacturers to ensure compliance with these standards.
For textiles, air permeability testing determines breathability, which is critical for comfort in clothing, particularly in sportswear, protective gear, and outdoor apparel. It also impacts performance in filtration systems and insulation materials.
Common standards include:
- ASTM D737 for textiles
- ISO 9237 for textiles and fabrics
- DIN 53887 for nonwoven fabrics
- BS EN 12114 for building materials
- ISO 5636 for paper and packaging materials Different industries follow specific standards based on their requirements.
While often used interchangeably, air permeability specifically refers to the rate of airflow through a material under a defined pressure difference. Breathability generally refers to the overall comfort of material in allowing air and moisture vapor to escape, which is a broader concept that may include other factors like moisture-wicking properties and heat dissipation.
Yes, textile manufacturers can control air permeability through material design choices, such as adjusting fiber density, weave patterns, material thickness, and surface treatments. Coatings or membranes may also be applied to reduce air permeability.
The ideal level of air permeability depends on the application. For example, high air permeability is preferred in sportswear for breathability, while lower permeability is desirable in windproof jackets, insulation materials, and some filtration applications. Consulting industry standards and understanding the product’s end use will guide the selection.
Yes, air permeability testing can account for different environmental conditions like temperature and humidity. These factors can influence the material’s performance, so testing under real-world conditions may be necessary to ensure accuracy for specific applications.
The purpose of paper permeability testing is to evaluate the resistance of paper to airflow through its pores, or the ability of paper to allow air to pass through. This test is important in paper production, quality control, and applications, and its main objectives include the following:
Assessing the pore structure and density of paper
Purpose: Air permeability testing can help determine the size and number of pores in a paper and their distribution. The pore structure has a significant impact on the performance of paper, with denser paper having lower air permeability and vice versa. Different paper types require different air permeability depending on the application, and the test can help determine the scenario in which the paper is suitable.
Applications: This test is particularly useful in the production of writing paper, printing paper, tissue paper, filter paper, etc
Printability Evaluation
Purpose: Air permeability directly affects the ink absorption of paper. In the printing process, the paper permeability is appropriate in order to make the ink uniform penetration and drying, to ensure the quality of printing. If the air permeability of the paper is too strong or too weak, it may lead to poor printing results.
Application: Printing materials such as newspapers, magazines, books, and wrapping paper need to be tested for air permeability to ensure that the paper has good printing performance.
Evaluation of Filtration Performance
Purpose: For certain special-purpose papers, such as filter papers, tea bag papers, cigarette papers, etc., air permeability directly affects their filtration performance. These papers need to be able to allow a moderate amount of air and liquid to pass through without compromising their primary filtration function.
Application: Air permeability testing of filter paper can help optimize its filtration performance so that it can effectively filter gas or liquid in actual use.
Paper Quality Control
Purpose: Air permeability is one of the important indexes of paper’s physical properties. Through air permeability testing, we can monitor whether the production process of paper is stable and ensure that the product meets the quality standards. If the air permeability of the paper deviates greatly, it may indicate a problem with the production process and require adjustment.
Application: Paper manufacturers usually conduct air permeability tests on a regular basis as part of product quality control.
Adapting to different applications
Packaging applications: Some packaging papers require low air permeability to ensure that the contents of the package are protected from outside air (e.g. food wrappers). Some packaging materials that require air permeability (e.g. fruit wrappers) require moderate permeability.
Tissue paper and paper towels: These products require high air permeability value for comfort and absorbency.
Environmental friendliness and sustainability
Purpose: Air permeability is related to the arrangement of paper fibers, coatings and production processes. Air permeability testing can also be used to study the environmental performance of paper, such as evaluating the breathability of biodegradable materials to meet the requirements for sustainable development.
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